Lined bag and process of making it



Aug. 16, 1938. c. L. SPANGLER ET AL LINED BAG AND PROCESS OF MAKING IT Filed April 24, 1933 2 Sheets-Sheet l Hired/an f Shel-ll from Crepmj CrnvkIes ATTORNEYS.

2 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed April 24, 1933 INVENTORS,

ATTORNEYS,

Patented ug. 16, 1938 UNITED STATES LINED BAG AND PROCESS OF IT Carroll L. Spangler, Cincinnati, and Warren A.- Morris, Wyoming, Ohio, asslgnors to The Paper Service Company, Lockland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application April 24, 1933, Serial No. 667,548

11 Claims. (01. 150-1) Our invention relates primarily to the combination of a container and lining therefor which is exemplified by the so-called lined bag. We

shall describe our invention in connection with 5 the production of bags which comprise primarily a cloth outer bag and a paper liner therefor, the specific exemplary embodiments hereinafter chosen for the purposeof illustration not being a limitation upon our invention. Large numbers of burlap bags are today in use in connection with so-called loose liners of paper. Where costs are an important item, the burlap bag and loose liner are considered advantageous since at least the burlap bag itself may be re-used with an addi- 15 tional paper liner, if desired.

Our invention has for a primary object, the provision of improvements in structures which are a combination of an outer bag of burlap or the like, and an inner bag or liner of paper or the like; and specific objects of our invention are the provision of improved structures of this class, the provision of means in a structure whereby the liner may be so joined to the bag that filling is facilitated, the provision of means whereby the closing of the bag may be carried on as one operation effective both upon the liner and the outer bag, the provision of improved liner structures which may be attached to the bag in one or more places, and at one or more seams or not, as desired, and the provision of improved methods of producing bags having liners which may be removed therefrom if desired, in such a way as to leave intact at least the outer bag structure, and the provision of improved seam structures in bags 35 of this class.

These and other objects of our invention whic will be set forth hereinafter, or will be apparent to one skilled in the art upon reading these specifications, we accomplish by that certain structure and arrangement of parts of which we shall now describe certain preferred embodiments.

For a clearer understanding of our disclosure, reference is now made to the drawings wherein: 45 Figure 1 is an elevational view of one form-of lining structure for a bag.

Figure 2 is a perspective view of a piece of paper having residual stretchability in a plurality of directions, and which is exemplary of a character of material which we may employ in the construction of the device of our invention.

Figure 8 is a sectional view of the lining struc- Fig. 6 is a sectional view thereof along the lines 66 in Fig.5.

Fig. 7 illustrates a structure formed as a stage I product in a continuous operation for making lined structures, the lining being extended arbitrarily for the purpose of clarity of illustration.

Fig. 8 is a sectional view of the bottom seam of the structure of Fig. taken along the lines 8-8 in said figure.

Fig. 9 illustrates diagrammatically the operations of forming a bag and liner by superposing lengths of the paper material,.binding both edges of the superposed lengths to form a tube, and

' afterwards tubing burlap about the paper structure.

Fig. 10 is a view, with portions broken away, of the product thus formed. v

Figure 11 is a view, with portions broken away, of a product in which sheets or lengths of paper and sheets or lengths of burlap are superposed or sandwiched, and a common side seam is formed joining all layers.

Fig. 12 is a. sectional view through the product of Figure 11, taken along the lines i2-I2 therein.

Fig. 13 illustrates diagrammatically the operations of forming a bag and liner by sandwiching lengths of paper, binding the edges to form side seams, positioning lengths of burlap on either side of the paper tube, and joining the burlap side seams by bound seams.

- Fig. 14 is a sectional view of a product in which the edges of one paper layer are folded over upon the other layer and secured thereto.

Fig. 15 is a sectional view of the product of Figure 13.

Fig. 16 is a sectional view of an advantageous seam formation common to the liner and the outer bag.

Hitherto it has been the practice, with an outer bag of textile material or the like and an inner lining structure of paper which was usually longer than the outer bag, to insert the liner into the bag and afterward to fill the lined bag, folding over or closing the liner independently of the outer bag, which is separately closed by sewing or the like, to form the main closure of the filled bag. While the liner is thus completely free of the outer bag, yet the lined structure is inconvenient to use for a number of reasons. It requires extra operations in closing, and it is inconvenient to fill because of the fact that the liner is free of the bag around the mouth thereof, and is usually longer than the bag. Some of the materials with which the bag is filled may thus get between the outer bag and the liner, and the 1111- ing operation is rendered slower and more laborious. Moreover, there has been nothing to holdthe liner in place, either in filling or in emptying the bag.

Whileliners for bags have hitherto been made of creped paper, it will be understood that creped paper has a direction ofprimary stretchability only at right angles to the direction of the creping crinkles. Where such a liner is employed and is free of the main body of the bag, it will be seen that it is impracticable to attach the liner to the bag body except along a line at right angles to the direction of stretchability of the liner. This is because the textile bag will give or distort in ractically all directions and unless the paper were likewise able to follow the distortion of the bag, attaching the liner to the bag" would increase the tendency td rip the liner when such distortion took place. More particularly,

even where liners of creped paper areemployed,

and even where the liner is so constructed as to be stretchable longitudinally, it is impracticable to catch the liner in the top closure unless the liner also has suflicient lateral give to take care of any expected lateral distortion.

As aforesaid, however, it is desirable to attach the liner to the bag under certain circumstances. It is desirable to have a bag with the liner attached about the mouth so that liner and bag will act as a unit in a filling operation.

It is also desirable, as will hereinafter be-set forth, in some operations of manufacture, to attach the liner elsewhere to the bag. Again, it is desirable to provide means whereby the top closure of the liner and 0f the outer bag may be effected as one operation. Obviously this implies a top. closure construction in which the liner itself is caught. Finally, it is desirable in structures of this class to provide seams or seamed closure constructions which have hitherto been impossible,unless separate seamed closures are made both in the liner and in the bag. In the practice of our invention, we are able to make containers comprising outer bags, and otherwise loose paper liners in which one or more of the seams are of cemented or cemented-and-sewn character, and are common both to the liner and the outer bag. It will be understood, however, that our invention is not limited to such a construction, nor to a container in which the top closure is effected by a seam construction. Lined bags are frequently closed by gathering the mouth and tying it with cord or wire, or by other structures not properly classifiable as seams, and effected by hand sewing, or otherwise.

In making lined containers in which otherwise loose liners are attached at certain places to the outer bag, we have overcome the difliculties set forth by employing a paper material which is stretchable in a plurality of directions. Our invention is not limited to any particular fabric of this character, providing the amount of residual stretch is substantial and is satisfactory for thepurpose. Of the fabrics which may be employed, we prefer the use either of a diagonally double creped product such as that set forth in the copending application of William C. Kemp, Serial No. 558,884 now Patent No. 2,071,347, filed August 24, 1931, ora creped and corrugated product in which the corrugations cross the crepes. This latter product may be made in accordance with the teaching of the co-pending application of Rowe and Morris, Serial No. 622,698 now Patent No. 2,034,421, filed July 15, 1932. We shall describe our invention in connection with the use of this latter product, it' being understood that our invention is not limited thereto. We have illustrated in Figure 2 a piece of this product in which the lines of creping have been indicated at l and corrugations at 2. The corrugations extend substantially at right angles to the line of creping and are crushed to give them permanence. Since in the ordinary creping operation practiced upon continuous webs, the lines of creping extend at right angles to the major axis of the web, and at. right angles to the grain of the paper, it will be noticed that the direction of the grain of the paper and of the residual stretch due to the crepingcrinkles coincide, and that the direction of stretch arising from the corrugations is substantially at right angles thereto. This gives a universally stretchable product in which the amount of residual stretch in the several directions may be controlled. For the purpose of this invention, we prefer to use, but we are not limited to, a paper having approximately 33% of stretchability, both longitudinally and laterally.

It is one of our objects to producea lined structure in which the lining may be attached to the bag about the mouth thereof, to facilitate the filling operation. If the lining is so attached, the top closure will normally be effected simultaneously in the lining and the bag, so that when the bag is filled with its contents enclosed, the paper liner will be caught in the top closure. If the liner is otherwise loose, and assuming that the outer. bag gives under stresses encountered in shipment and handling, it will be seen that the liner must be sufficiently stretchable vertically to give or slip elsewhere with respect to the outer bag while maintaining its engagement therewith. This necessitates vertical stretchability in the lining structure.

We may make our lining structures of the' exemplary material with the corrugations running either longitudinally or laterally thereof. We prefer, however, when using this particular material to make the liners in such a way that a the corrugations run longitudinally and the creping crinkles laterally. This likewise causes the grain of the paper to run longitudinally. Thus, the greatest ultimate strength of the liner is in the direction of its length, which also is of importance where the liner is caught in the top closure of the bag, but is free thereof elsewhere. In making this preferred structure, we form a liner body indicated at 4 in Figure 1,- by folding over upon itself a piece of corrugated and creped paper to form the two side portions of the liner body. The marginal edge portions may then be folded over upon themselves as indicated at 5, and held by lines of's'titching I. Other types of seams may, of course, be employed. In this particular construction, no bottom seam is required, and the width of the liner structure is limited only by the width of the paper web, less such turn-over as is desired for seam formation. In Figure 3, we have shown asectional view of this structure indicating the side portions at 9 and ID. We may, of course, form our liners otherwise, as of two pieces of paper with bound seams at sides and bottom.

In Figure 4, we have shown a liner of this type inserted into an exemplary cloth bag II, which may be of burlap, or the like. The bag 1 will usually have a side seam l2 folded and sewn,

and a turned over bottom seam I, also sewn, prior to the usual reversal of the bag. Our improved lining structure shown in Figure 1, when inserted in the bag ll, may be stitched about theof sewn seams.

otherwise retains all of the advantages of the usual bag having a free or loose liner. If the bag is to be re-used, the old liner 4 may be removed therefrom and a new liner inserted in its place. Under these circumstances, it is a frequent practice to reverse the bag ll, washing it and reprinting it, if desired. We have shown a line of stitching l6 joining the liner to the bag, but it will be understood that other means may be provided for this attachment, or that the at tachment may be omitted if desired, while still retaining the advantage of being able to catch the liner 4 in the top closure of the bag II, in the closing operation after filling, and without danger of rupturing the liner.

In Figure 5, we have shown a somewhat different type of liner indicatedgenerally at H, having a center seam I8, which may be adhesively secured or otherwise. We have shown an exterior bag ll of textile material, having a lapped seam 20 hell by adhesive 2|. The liner may be held to the outer bag about the mouth thereof, by adhesive indicated at 22. We have shown a sewn bottom'seam 23, in which the liner may or may not be caught, as desired, but will preferably be caught if a procedure of manufacture hereinafter described is followed.

In Figure 6, we have shown a section through the lined structure of Figure 5, and it will be seen that the adhesive 2| may strike through the layers of textile material as shown and cement the seam 20 of the outer bag to the inner liner. We have shown the seam l8 of the liner as secured by adhesive 26.

Another advantage of our invention relates to the formation of bags of textile fabric in which it is immaterial where the selvage falls. to, by reason of the raveling tendency of such fabrics as burlap, it has been the preferred practice to make bags with the selvage at the top. Where this for any reason was impossible, it has been the practice to turn over and hem the top.

to prevent raveling. This is expensive and inconvenient. In the bag of our invention, however, when the fabric is cemented to the paper liner, as for example about the mouth of the bag, with such a cementing substance as rubber latex, the fabric is prevented from fraying or raveling at out edges. Not only this, but the cementing substance and the paper coact to lock the strands of the fabric so as to prevent cross slipp ge thereof, or grinning along the line of stitching, thus contributing very greatly to the strength Likewise the cementing substance previously applied acts in considerable degree to prevent cutting action by the needle threads in machine or hand sewing.

In the manufacture of structures like that illustrated in Figure 5, we prefer to follow a novel continuous operation, which comprises tubing a continuous web of the material desired for the liner structure, and tubing over this a continuous web of the material of the outer structure. We have shown in Figure '7 somewhat diagrammatically, the stage produce thus formed, consisting of a continuous piece comprising the inner liner 1 Hitherterial such as burlap, an application of the adhesive may be caused not only to penetrate between the lapped portions of the burlap but also to penetrate through the lapped portions to cause the burlap to adhere to the paper liner, as is clearly shown in Figure 6.

As an adhesive, we prefer to use a rubber latex, but we are not limited thereto. Rubber latex forms a very strong bond characterized by great permanence and imperviousness to external influences. The latex may be treated with vulcanizing agents if desired, or in some cases may be left plain. However, we may employ at least in the liner seam, other adhesives, or glues of vegetable or animal origin, and materials comprising bitumen, rubber, silicate of soda or the like.

We also prefer to apply along predetermined lines, the adhesive material indicated at 220.,

formed consisting of the outer tube of textile fabric,and an inner tube of paper or the like, already relatively positioned with respect to each other and held in such position by the lines of adhesive Zia. In severing the tubed structure into bag lengths the lines of cut 25 and 26 may" fall to one side of, or through the cemented areas 22a. In the first instance bag blanks will be secured in which liner and bag tubes are adhered together at one end,'normally at the end which will form the top of the completed bag. In the latter'instance the liner and bag tubes will be adhered together at both ends of the blanks. The bag may be completed by the formation of a bottom seam common to the liner and the textile materialas indicated at 23, in Figure 5. In Figure 8, I have shown a cross-section of such a seam. Preferably this seam is a cemented and sewn seam of the character shown, in which a binding strip 21 is lapped about the two edges of the body fabric walls 28 and Z9, cemented thereto and'caught by a line of stitching, which in this instance is shown as passing through both the body fabric and the binding strip, as at 30. The line of stitching may, however, pass only through the body walls 28 and 29, and the binding strip 21 may be applied to cover the lineof stitching. Cemented seams without sewing may be employed, an advantage of our invention being that since .the liner may be adhered to the body walls about the bottom or top of the bag, a cemented seam may be formed common both to the liner and to the bag, as by a closure strip, or the like, which effects an impervious closure. One advantage of a cemented seam over a seam involving sewing or sewing and cementing, lies in the easy and complete removal of the liner.

A type ,of seam common to both liner and outer bag, and which is readily and economically effected, is illustrated in Figure 16, where the burlap is indicated at 44 and the paper liner at 45. The edges of the paper and burlap are turned over together onto the body of the bag, and are held by a strip 46 cemented at 46a to the body wall 44a, of the bag, and at 4617 to the body wall 44b of the bag. We have shown the seam of Figure 10 as a side seam in a bag, which indicates the and bottom closure structures.

manufacture involving tubing,-as hereinabove de- I In the practice of this part of our invention, thev applicability of this'type of structure and the steps of forming it, to a tubing operation; but the seam itself is equally applicable to bottom or top closures in structures formed by the other methods herein described.

Cemented or cemented and sewn seams, however, need not be employed, and other'types of bottom closure common to both the liner and the bag, such as the usual sewn seam, may be used. It is characteristic of our invention, however, that it is not necessary to use liners which are longer than the outer bag, whereby we eliminate those disadvantages which occur when the bag and the liner are non-co-terminous. I

It is not always necessary nor advisable to cement the liner to the bag intermediate-the top In a method of scribed, such adhesive attachment may be found advisable to maintain registry; but registry may be otherwise maintained, or maintained by the line of adhesive joining the several plies at the mouth and/ or bottom of the bag blank. Cementing the liner to the bag at other points may, under some circumstances, prevent the clean removal of the liner from the bag if. the bag is to be reused. The outer textile covering may, however, be cemented together by lapping and joining portions previously coated with rubber latex and dried, or if an adhesive is employed which tends to strike through the meshes of the textile fabric, a paper strip or other protecting means may be run into the tube between the textile and the paper.

Depending somewhat upon the materials employed, the method of tubing hereinabove described will be found satisfactory. Some dimculty is occasionally encountered in tiibing universally stretchable materials, more particularly corrugated and creped materials, due in part to the problem of registry when some of the stretch is removed, and due in part to the problem of making cemented seams in corrugated and creped paper.

Where such' difliculty is encountered, we prefer to form the structures of our invention by operations which comprise the superposition of separate sheets or lengths of the paper to form the liner body walls. This eliminates the use of forming devices in tubing a single length of paper, and simplifies the problem of the registry of parts.

superposed plies of paper may be bound at their edges to form seams, after which a single width of burlap may be tubed about the paper tube already formed, using, for example, a lapped center seam; or separate sheets or lengths of the burlap may be brought onto each side of the paper tube, and bound side seams made in the burlap sheets or lengths. Again separate sheets or lengths of paper and of burlap may be assembled sandwich fashion and common seams effected in all of the layers. Yet again, a narrower sheet or strip of paper or burlap may be superposed upon a wider sheet or strip of paper or burlap, and the edges of the wider ply brought up around, and cemented to, the edges of the narrower ply, thus dispensing with binding strips.

We have shown diagrammatically in Figure 9 the operations of forming a structure of the type first referred to. Lengths of paper 3| and 32, which may be drawn from rolls 3|a and 32a, are superposed, and may be carried along suitable table, not shown. The strips for binding the edges of the superposed paper layers, one of which strips is shown at 33, may be drawn from rolls suchas 33a. The strips may be treated with a suitable adhesive, as by aroll-coaterindicated generally at 34, and afterward bent about the edges of the paper layers 3| and 32 by a forming device 35. Subsequently ,a single width of burlap 38, drawn from a roll 364 may be tubed about the paper structure by a forming device 31, a lapped and cemented center seam being formed therein as hereinabove described. It may be noted that, since the outer bag protects the lining structure and holds the parts thereof together, seams in the liner do not need tube as tight or as stout as otherwise might be required. Again in making seams in waxed paper liners, the wax may be left off the liner over the lines of proposed seams, and the latex or other adhesive used may be relied upon to furnish the desired waterproofing at these poi ts.

In the formation of cemented seams in creped and/or corrugated paper materials, the rugosities of thepaper complicate the cementing problem because they prevent that complete surface contact which may be had between superposed layers of plain papers. An attempt to use enough adhesive to fill up the rugosities is apt to be wasteful,

and where the adhesive is one requiring drying,

' prolongs the period in which the lapped materials must be pressed into contact. We prefer to follow a procedure which involves the coating of the binding strip, which may be of plain or of creped or creped and corrugated paper or other material, with the adhesive, afterward folding the binding strip over the superposed edges of the paper body layers, and pressing the strip into contact therewith, so as to transfer some of the adhesive to said edges. If the adhesive is a material such as rubber latex, which remains highly adhesive to itself even after drying, it is not necessary to hold the materials in contact until the adhesive has dried. If the layers spring apart after the application and transfer of adhesive, they nevertheless will adhere strongly if subsequently pressed into contact.

, Figure 10 is illustrative of the product made in the operation of Figure 9. The burlap is indicated at 36', the upper paper layer at 3|, the binding strips on the paper tube at 33, and the center lapped seam of the burlap at 38.

In the practice of our invention it is also possible to treat the burlap in the same way as the paper, by forming a sandwich in which superposed paper layers are disposed between separate layers of burlap. A seam common to both burlap and paper may then be made by cementing binding strips about the edges of the burlap, the adhesive used striking through the burlap and adhering the edges of the paper thereto. This is shown in Figure 11 where the burlap is indicated at 36b, the upper paper layer at 3| and the binding strips about the burlap edges at 39. Figure 12 is a sectional view of the structure of Figure 11, with corresponding parts indicated by the same numerals. In forming the seam illustrated, considerations of'strength require that textile mate-' rial be cemented directly to textile as shown. Again, since there is no-separate binding structure for the paper edges, the binding strip 39 should preferably be of impervious, or at least sift-proof character. We have shown it as consisting of a composite material of burlap and paper, the paper; being indicated at 39a.

In Figure 14 we have shown a structure in which a wider lower ply of paper 41 has its edges lapped over the edges of a narrower upper ply of paper 48. A burlap outer structure is shown made in accordance with Figure 9.

The sandwiched paper layers may, however, be additionally bound; and we have shown in Figure 15 a somewhat different structure in which a binding strip 40 joins the edges of the paper layers 3| and 32. In this instance the binding strip 4'! for the burlap edges need not be impervious or siftproof. All of these seam constructions may be additionally sewn if desired.

In making the structure of Figure 15, we prefer to follow the procedure shown in Figure 13, where the paper layers 3i and 32. are superposed and joined by the binding strips 33. When this operation is completed, layers of burlap 36b and 360 are positioned, one on each side of the paper tube. Binding strips of cloth or the like 4| are led from a roll Ha over a roll coating device 42, and bound about the edges of the burlap layers by the former 43.

The composite structures formed by the operations of Figs. 13 and 9 may then be cut apart into bag lengths. Bottom seams may be formed therein, for example, in accordance with Figures 8, 12 or 16, and the paper liner may likewise be adhered to the outer bag about the mouth thereof. In bags of all of these constructions, the inner liner may be stripped away from the outer bag after use. I

It will be clear that any of the tubing methods hereinabove described are applicable to the making oi! paper tubes one inside the other as in the manufacture of bags with nested liners, or for other purposes. In the tubing processes of our invention the layers may be adhered together if desired. The layers may be coated to whatever extent desired with a cement permanently adhesive to other bodies of the same cement, though generally non-adhesive to other substances, and

the layers combined by bringing coated surfaces into contact. A cement of this class is rubber, such as rubber derived from latex.

When the bag of Figure has been filled and closed, it will be seen that the liner otherwise loose will be caught and held to the outer bag at the top and bottom closure seams, and perhaps at a side closure seam. Nevertheless, the universal stretchability oi the liner structure will allow it to accommodate itself to such distortion of the outer bag as may occur in use.

Having thus described our invention, what we claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In combination, an unfilled cloth bag and a liner of paper having gatherings rendering it stretchable at least longitudinally, said liner inserted in the cloth bag, the said bag and liner being attached together at the mouth of the bag, the said mouth being cpenable for fllling.

2. In combination, an outer textile bag and an inner liner of paper having gatherings in two directions therein whereby it' is rendered universally stretchable, the said bag and liner being joined together about the mouth oi. the bag so as to leave said mouth openable for purposes of filling.

3. In combination, an outer textile bag and an inner paper liner having gatherings therein rendering it stretchable at least longitudinally, the said liner and bag being joined together about the mouth of the bag so as to leave said mouth openable for filling, and also joined together at the bottom of the structure so as to prevent the liner from peeling out of the bag when contents are emptied from said bag.

4. In combination, an outer bag structure of 'cloth and an inner lining structure of paper having gatherings in two directions therein whereby it isrendered universally stretchable, said structures having a common bottom seam and being joined together adjacent the top of the combined structure, so as to leave a bag mouth openable for filling.

5. In combination, an outer bag structure of cloth and an inner lining of paper, said structures having a common bottom seam and joined together adjacent the'top of said structure and along a line intermediate the top and bottom of the structure, said innerlining structure being gathered in two directions whereby it is rendered universally expansible.

6. In combination, a textile bag and a paper liner therefor gathered in two directions whereby -it is rendered universally stretchable, said bag having a cemented seam with the seam-forming adhesive joining said bag to said paper along the line of the seam, and said textile bag and liner being attached together about the mouth thereof prior to filling but being free of attachment substantially" throughout the body of the structure.

7. In combination, an outer textile bag and an inner liner of paper having gatherings therein in two directions which render it universally stretchable, said bag and said liner being joined together adjacent the mouth of the combined structure by an adhesive substance, so as to leave the bag mouth openable for filling.

8. In combination, an outer bag of textile material and an inner liner of paper material having gatherings which render it stretchable at least longitudinally, the grain direction of the paper comprising said inner liner being likewise longitudinally disposed, said bag and said liner being secured together adjacent the mouth of the combined structure, so as to leave said mouth openable for filling.

9. In combination, an outer textile bag and an inner paper liner, said paper liner having longitudinal corrugations and transverse crepes, and said liner and bag being secured together adjacent the mouth of the combined structure so as to leave said mouth openable for filling.

10. A container comprising an outer bag of textile fabric having cut edges at the top, and an inner liner of paper having gatherings therein rendering it universally stretchable, the top of said outer bag being cemented to the top of said inner liner to prevent iraying of the cut edges 01' said textile material, the bag and liner being free of attachment substantially throughout the body of said container.

11. A composite container having a plurality of seams therein and comprising an outer textile bag and an inner liner of paper having gatherings rendering it universally stretchable, said liner being free of said outer bag excepting at a pin-- rality of seams therein, the said bag and liner being attached to each other adjacent the mouth thereof so as toleave said mouth openable ior filling.

CARROIL L. SPANGLER. WARREN A. MORRIS. 

